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Scientist, astronomer and mathematician.

What did he do?

Invented an important new kind of mathematics, called calculus or the math of motion, and showed how the universe is held together. He started the industrial revolution. What is that?

Also Discovered gravity, how light and color works.

He is described as “one of the greatest names in the history of human thought”.

When was he born? Where? I’m going to tell a story about Newton:

Isaac Newton was born in 1643 (died 1727) in England. His father was a wealthy, uneducated farmer who died three months before he was born. Newton's mother remarried and he was left in the care of his grandmother. Though Newton did not excel in school, he did earn the opportunity to attend college where he wanted to study law. His mother refused to pay for his education so while at college he worked as a servant to pay his way. Newton also kept a journal where he was able to express his ideas on various topics. (Science Journals). He became interested in mathematics after buying a book at a fair and not understanding the math concepts it contained. His education was interrupted by the plague. No one knew that they were getting it from fleas from rats that infested London. The College was closed due to the highly contagious, deadly disease. Newton went home safe in the country for a long time. Great ideas have come many times from thinkers who find quiet places to think and meditate. It was during this time that Newton started to pursue his own ideas on math, physics, optics and astronomy. By 1666 he had completed his early work on his three laws of motion but was afraid to publish for fear of ridicule. Years later in 1684 Edmund Halley an astronomer (Halley’s comet) were trying to understand what forces hold the planets orbiting around the sun. They were stuck. Newton was known for his math so Halley went see him. He discovered that Newton had already discovered the laws of motion and gravity. Halley had to really twist Newton’s arm but then Newton published his theories and history was made. It was the first time anyone had scientifically and mathematically showed how the universe worked like a machine.

So what is force and what effect does force have on us?

A force is a push or a pull between two objects interacting. If there is no interaction there is no force. It can be affect us in two ways. A force can either change the size and shape of an object, such as a spring, or change the speed or direction of an object.

What kinds of forces affect us? Contact and Invisible at a distance. Examples? Magnetism and Gravity.

A force causes an object to start moving or changing its state of rest. Forces can be balanced or unbalanced. What is that? DRAW Do balanced forces cause a change in motion? They are equal in size and opposite in direction. Unlike balanced forces, unbalanced forces always cause a change in motion on free objects; they are not equal in size. When two unbalanced forces are exerted in opposite directions, their combined force is equal to the difference between the two forces. What direction is the combined force? In the direction of the larger force. Unbalanced forces can also be exerted in the same direction. DRAW

According to Newton's first law... What does this mean? Demo

This means that there is a natural tendency of objects to keep on doing what they're doing. ASK BALL MOVING IN SPACE All objects resist changes in their state of motion. In the absence of an unbalanced force, an object in motion will maintain this state of motion.

                        According to Newton's second law... What does this mean? Demo

Everyone unconsiously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows that heavier objects require more force to move the same distance as lighter objects. However, the Second Law gives us an exact relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation:

or
FORCE = MASS times ACCELERATION

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According to Newton's third law... What does this mean? Demo

This means that for every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in direction. That is to say that whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard. Build Mini Solar system.